LES "MODÈLES"
ANGLO-SAXONS :
(libertés, justice,
santé, système scolaire, éducatif, marché de
l'éducation, homeschooling ... aux USA et en Angleterre)
AMERICAN
WAY OF LIFE
Home schooling illégal
en
Californie ?
23 juin
2008 : La
Cour d'Appel accepte de réexaminer sa décision du 28 février.
Elle dispose de trois mois
pour confirmer ou infirmer sa
lecture de la loi concernant le homeschooling.
DROITS
DES PARENTS CONTRE DROITS DES ENFANTS
MAI
68 - MAI 2008...
Un "débat" actuel
(printemps 2008), en Californie, certes,
mais très intéressant
car il montre très clairement ce qui est en jeu :
là-bas, en grandeur
nature; comme ici à l'état encore embryonnaire.
On y trouve en effet
- et à la source ! - et à l'état brut (c'est
le terme qui convient)
t o u s les
ingrédients (protagonistes, arguments, faux-nez, prétextes,
ruses, esquives et langue de bois)
quant à la "Liberté-de",
quant au (Divin) "Droit-de".
Et bien sûr les hurlements
et lamentations quant aux insupportables "contrôles" concernant l'école
à la maison - l'instruction en Famille.
On y retrouve, aussi, le
rôle de certaines écoles, très privées, "familales"
... ou dites "indépendantes".
Et celui de certaines écoles
"publiques" (charter-schools)
Rigoureusement les mêmes
motifs et pratiques qu'en France ou en Belgique.
Sale temps pour
les mouches !
Jesus Camp (cf
"évangélistes"
& "homeschooling"
)
"popularisé" par
un
film récent,
est maintenant fermé
"pour quelque temps".
Ce qui n'exclut pas l'ouverture
d'autres, ailleurs, du même genre....
Mais l'un des hystérico-prédicateurs
présentés dans le film
a eu quelques
ennuis : "(uncorrect) sex & drug"...
L'Afrique,
peu pollueuse, paie le prix fort du réchauffement climatique
Les changements climatiques
auront un impact sans précédent sur le développement,
dont d'importants revers
en matière de réduction de la pauvreté, de nutrition,
de santé et d’éducation.
Le
revenu par habitant devrait baisser d'un quart en Afrique sub-saharienne.
...qui émet moins
de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), le principal gaz à effet de serre,
que l'état du Texas à lui tout seul.
La Californie
(395 millions de tonnes de CO2) pollue plus que 106 pays en développement
ou que le seul Brésil,
pourtant cinq fois plus peuplé. (rapport
du National Environment Trust [NET] à la conférence de l’ONU
sur le climat.)
"Homeschooling
ruled illegal in California !" ?
Californie
- 28 02 08 : Une
décision de justice limite le droit au "homeschooling"
Toutes
les ligues conservatrices sont sur le pied de guerre.
Et
Arnold Schwarzenegger les a aussitôt assurées de son soutien...
Si les parents avaient
bien inscrit leurs huit enfants dans une école privée,
la Cour a constaté
qu’ils ne la fréquentaient pas.
« Il y a toujours eu quelque
chose de résolument élitiste et anti-démocratique
dans le homeschooling.
On sent clairement cette conviction
que des enfants privilégiés n’ont pas à être
mêlés à d’autres enfants de leur voisinage,
et qu’en restant à la maison,
ils ne seront pas contaminés par la démocratie.
D’ailleurs, il apparaît clairement,
à entendre les hurlements de l’extrême-droite
que l’idée-force du homeschooling
est de n’enseigner que ce qui est acceptable par leurs idéologues
qui craignent la contamination de
ce que nous convenons de nommer une éducation "libérale"
».
disent-ils... |
États-Unis:
De plus en plus de parents américains chrétiens choisissent
d'éduquer leurs enfants à la maison
George
W. Bush a tout fait pour se concilier les adeptes de l'enseignement à
domicile.
California
public schools seek private money just to cover the basics
Depuis 1978 (mais dès
1966, Ronald Reagan devenait gouverneur de Californie), la forte diminution
du financement des écoles publiques,
a conduit les associations
de parents à financer voyages, classes vertes, équipements
sportifs ou informatiques.
Aujourd'hui, elles tentent
de sauver des postes d'enseignants !
Schwarzenegger ayant encore
réduit le budget de 4,8 milliards de dollars, 20000 postes sont
menacés dans son état.
Qui arrive en 46ème
position (/50) en matière de financement des écoles publiques.
USA 2008 : "dans
le Milwaukee, il n'y a pas eu de miracle" (Sol Stern).
L'un des plus fervents promoteurs du
chèque-éducation
aux USA, Sol Stern, vient de faire brusquement volte-face
en affirmant, constats à l'appui,
que le voucher n’avait pas du tout amélioré le système
public.
Depuis une bonne vingtaine d'années,
ici aussi, évidemment, le "chèque éducation"
(ou "bon scolaire") - en anglais "voucher" -
fait partie d'un blabla yakaiste
au sujet des indispensables réformes, "simples, urgentes et radicales",
disent-ils, du système scolaire.
Après avoir depuis longtemps réclamé,
soutenu et contribué au développement des vouchers
et des charter schools,
Sol Stern pointe les défauts et
les insuffisances du voucher. Il cite, entre autres, l’expérimentation
de Milwaukee,
première ville aux États-Unis
à adopter, en 1990, un programme de chèques éducation.
"Homeschooling ruled illegal in California !" ? LE "DEBAT"... |
Californie
:
Le droit d'instruire ses enfants à domicile ? Si ce droit n’existe pas, ainsi que le dit la Cour, la loi devrait en permettre l’option. Il y a largement de quoi débattre à propos du home schooling, plutôt qu’un nouvel arrêt en vue d’éviter tout risque, et au lieu d’utiliser un seul cas d’un éventuel abus accablant des dizaines de milliers de homeschoolers californiens. La cour d’appel était invitée
à condamner les parents à inscrire leurs huit enfants dans
une école publique ou privée afin d’assurer leur bien-être.
La cour d’appel a justement dit que ce droit n’existe pas. Tout d’abord, le code de l’éducation exige que les enfants soient inscrits dans une école publique ou privée, ou instruits à domicile par un tuteur accrédité. Faute de quoi, les parents ne peuvent le faire. Ce qu’ignore la justice, c’est que depuis des décennies, même la gigantesque bureaucratie californienne a autorisé les parents à enseigner à domicile s’ils se déclarent « école privée ». Les enseignants de ces écoles n’ont pas besoin d’être reconnus pour enseigner à 20 ou 30 élèves. Pourquoi faudrait-il que les parents le soient pour n’enseigner qu’à quelques enfants ? Des écoles publiques et privées
proposent des programmes à leur intention, employant des enseignants
qualifiés pour mettre au point cours, matériel et conseils.
On trouve quelques rares cas d’abus ou
de négligence.
La décision de la cour se trompe quant à l’essentiel : une accréditation des parents n’aurait en rien changé la nécessité, si c’est le cas, de surveiller davantage ces enfants. Des parents diplômés peuvent aussi être de mauvais parents, ou en l’espèce, de mauvais enseignants. Ceci dit, l’obligation d’instruction est
le socle d’une société moderne, et devrait être renforcée.
A right to home school? If no such right exists, as a court ruled,
the Legislature should make it an option.
There is plenty to debate about home schooling, but a new court ruling managed to avoid all reasonable disagreements and instead used a single example of possible child abuse to throw the book at tens of thousands of home schoolers throughout California. The 2nd District Court of Appeal was asked to require the parents of eight children to send them to a regular public or private school, where their welfare could be monitored. A lower court had ruled that the parents had a constitutional right to home school their children. The appellate court correctly ruled that no such right exists. Further, it noted that the state Education Code appears to express distaste for home schooling by requiring children to attend a public or private school or to be taught at home by a credentialed tutor. Without a teaching credential, the court ruled, the parents could not educate their children. What the justices ignored is that, for decades, even the giant bureaucracy of the California Department of Education has allowed parents to teach at home if they file an affidavit stating that they operate a small private school. Private school teachers do not need a credential to instruct a class of 20 or 30 students. Why should parents need one to teach a few children at home? Public and private schools have developed programs to help home schoolers, employing credentialed teachers to provide curricula, materials and advice. "Homeschooling is a wonderful way to individualize your child's learning," reads the website of one such program offered by the Orange County Department of Education. Yet the panel tossed out this option as well. There are rare cases of parents who use home schooling to hide abuse or neglect. Far more common are the stories of responsible parents providing a good education. A home- schooled teenager wrote the bestseller “Eragon,” something a public school homework load alone wouldn't have allowed. The court's overreaching decision failed to address the main point of the case. A parental teaching credential would in no way reduce the need, if there is one, for these children to be more closely monitored. Credentialed teachers can also be bad parents, or, for that matter, bad teachers. That said, compulsory education is a basic of modern society, and it should be enforced. It's time for the Legislature to formally recognize home schooling as an education option and to impose reasonable regulations -- such as a yearly lesson plan or portfolio of student work -- that encourage these schools' individuality and ensure that children aren't home all day watching reruns of "The Andy Griffith Show."
AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE Le système "éducatif" américain :
BRITISH WAY OF LIFE Le "modèle" anglo-saxon, libéral ... et blairo-socialiste... |
Californie
:
Deux universitaires contestent l'interprétation
du "Los Angeles Times" au sujet de la récente
décision de la Cour d'Appel, visant à rappeler que l'école
est obligatoire.
... Et que le homeschooling ne peut être qu'une exception : soumise à des règles, et des contrôles. Ce que l'éditorial du L.A.T. admet d'ailleurs volontiers... Tandis que le "Wall
Street Journal", qui a pourtant bien d'autres sujets d'inquiètude
en ce moment, s'en indigne, fustigeant le "lobby syndical enseignant" qui
approuve la décision de justice.
L'arrêt de la cour a raison d’examiner une pratique visiblement élitiste et bornée. By Walter P. Coombs and Ralph E. Shaffer
(professeurs émérites, California State
Polytechnic University, Pomona)
Une cour d’appel californienne a semé la terreur dans les rangs des partisans du home schooling en disant que leurs enfants ne pouvaient être gardés à la maison sans un minimum de surveillance. Les ennemis de l’école publique interprètent cette décision
comme une attaque massive contre le concept de home schooling.
Dans la décision en question, il s'avère que les parents ne respectent pas le minimum de règles établies par la Californie en matière de home schooling. L’inscription dans une école publique est obligatoire selon la loi de l’État, mais le code de l’éducation permet une exception pour les enfants fréquentant une école privée ou ceux gardés à la maison par un enseignant qualifié. Si les parents avaient bien inscrit leurs huit enfants dans une école
privée, la Cour a constaté qu’ils ne la fréquentaient
pas.
La décision a semé l’angoisse parmi les familles qui craignent
devoir démontrer que le home schooling peut correctement
remplacer la fréquentation d’une institution publique.
Il est temps que les californiens comprennent qu’il n’y que peu de règles concernant le homeschooling et pratiquement aucun garde-fou pour s’assurer que des sujets correspondant à l’âge des enfants leur sont bien enseignés. Par ailleurs, existe une formidable mini-industrie (2) aux mains des conservateurs évangéliques proposant du matériel « convenable » pour les enfants instruits en famille. Les charter-schools (à but lucratif) spécialisées dans le home schooling, - et récoltant vos taxes dans ce but - ont non seulement obscurci le concept de home schooling mais ulcéré les enseignants qui voient le budget éducation détourné des écoles traditionnelles. Si les forums autour du homeschooling sont un indice des opinions des parents d’enfants instruits en famille, leur progéniture reçoit une leçon d’éducation civique extrêmement perverse. Commentaires représentatifs parmi les harangues criardes sur
internet :
Il est évident que la majorité de ceux enseignant leurs enfants en face de la TV le font parce qu’ils ne veulent pas que leurs enfants soient soumis à d’aussi dangereux sujets que l’évolution, l’avortement, le réchauffement du globe, l’égalité des droits, et autres idées incompatibles avec les mantras évangéliques. Se joignant aux partisans du home schooling et à
leur porte-parole fondamentaliste : A.. Schwarzenegger, auto-proclamé
expert en éducation, et dont le dernier exploit a été
de réclamer des coupes budgétaires dans le budget éducatif.
Les éditorialistes du L.A.T. ne comprennent pas
non plus l’arrêt.
D’autre part, la cour remarquait que les enseignants du secteur privé étaient supervisés par leur direction, et que ces administrateurs tenaient à ce que leurs enseignants soient compétents afin que leurs écoles soient reconnues par le Code de l’éducation. Les éditorialistes prétendent également que
la cour conteste le droit pour les écoles publiques ou privées
d’offrir des programmes pour homeschoolers.
Il y est question aussi des merveilleux résultats du homeschooling.
«
dans de rares cas, des parents peuvent pratiquer le homeschooling
pour cacher négligence ou abus. Dans la plupart des cas, ce sont
des récits de parents responsables assurant une bonne éducation
»
Et l’édito se termine par un appel pour que la loi autorise le homeschoolingsans compétences parentales, avec une réglementation raisonnable comme par exemple un plan de leçons obligatoires ou un portfolio. Ces exigences seraient acceptables par certains parents, mais internet serait submergé de lettres furieuses disant que précisément ils ont choisi le homeschooling pour échapper aux contrôles bureaucratiques ! Il y a toujours eu quelque chose de résolument élitiste
et anti-démocratique dans le homeschooling.
D’ailleurs, il apparaît clairement, à entendre les hurlements
de l’extrême-droite que l’idée-force du homeschooling
est de n’enseigner que ce qui est acceptable par leurs idéologues
qui craignent la contamination de ce que nous convenons de nommer une éducation
« libérale ».
BLOWBACK Regulating home schoolers A court ruling is right to examine the seemingly elitist and illiberal practice. A California appellate court has struck terror in the ranks of home schooling advocates by ruling that their children can't be taught at home without at least some oversight. Public education foes see this as an all-out attack on the concept of home schooling. That is not the case. And members of The Times editorial board didn't get it right either. In the decision (pdf) in question, the parents did not meet even the meager requirements for home schooling that California has established. While enrollment in a public school is required by state law, the Education Code permits an exception for those attending private schools or those taught at home by a credentialed teacher. Though the parents had technically enrolled their eight children in an existing private school, the court found that the children were not attending it. In fact, they were schooled at home by parents not qualified to teach the kids in subjects appropriate to their age and grade level. The decision has caused anguish among families who fear that they may now be required to demonstrate that home schooling is an adequate replacement for their children's attendance at a public institution. The court's decision means that home schoolers must be given some substantive instruction in social studies and not simply spend their time watching Fox with its strange assortment of oddballs pontificating on current events. It's time Californians realized that there are few regulations regarding home schooling and virtually no safeguards to make certain that subjects appropriate to the age group are taught. On the other hand, there is a formidable cottage industry run by conservative evangelicals that provides "suitable" materials for home schoolers. For-profit charter schools specializing in "home schooling" -- and collecting your tax dollars while doing it -- have not only cast a cloud over the concept of home schooling but have rankled teachers who see the state's limited education dollars being diverted from traditional schools. If home schooling forums on the Web are indicative of the views held by parents of learn-at-home kids, their offspring are getting an extremely warped lesson in civics. Typical of the shrill screed now running on the Internet are these comments: "This [ruling] is a good example of bureaucratic tyranny! Kiss liberty good-bye, people." Another wrote: "Perhaps the judge could be impeached for incompetence. Else Christian families need to flee California." And: "This is another example of how socialist mentality destroys our God-given rights as parents." It's evident that the vast majority who teach their offspring in front of the television do so because they don't want their children to be subjected to such dangerous doctrines as evolution, abortion, global warming, equal rights and other ideas abhorrent to the evangelical mantra. Weighing in on the side of home schoolers and their fundamentalist spokesman, James Dobson of Focus on the Family, is Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, that self-proclaimed expert on education whose latest action has been to recommend steep cuts for K-12 schools. The governor denounced the ruling as outrageous and vowed to overturn it. He must believe that the state's policy of providing no control over home schooling is just fine. The Times editorial board misunderstood the ruling too. To start, we find no place in the ruling where the court "noted that the state Education Code appears to express distaste for home schooling." Then, the editorial goes on to say, "Private school teachers do not need a credential to instruct a class of 20 or 30 students. Why should parents need one to teach a few children at home?" That's a good question. But the court offered an equally good answer: In an earlier case, the court held that it is "unreasonably difficult and expensive for a state to supervise parents who instruct children in their homes" but that oversight of teachers in organized private schools is less difficult and expensive. Furthermore, the court noted that teachers in private schools would be supervised by the people who run the schools, and those administrators would want to make sure that their instructors were competent so that their private schools would qualify under the state Education Code. The board also claims that the courts "tossed out" the option of public and private school independent study programs to help home schoolers. Not so! What the court said was that the Education Code provides for independent study through a school district or a county office of education, but the purpose is to provide students with educational opportunities during travel or in subjects not offered in the school curriculum. The court said this clause clearly did not apply to a mother's home schooling of her kids. The Times' editorial refers to the wonderful accomplishments of home schooling: "There are rare cases of parents who use home schooling to hide abuse or neglect. Far more common are the stories of responsible parents providing a good education." One anecdotal case of a home schooled teen writing a bestselling novel is cited, with the implication that such a remarkable achievement could not possibly have been attained because of the demanding homework assignments given by our public schools. Sounds like the board believes our traditional schools are overworking the kids -- which is not what most critics say. Isn't a major argument for home schooling based on the belief that the public schools aren't demanding enough? Finally, in its call for the Legislature to enact laws providing for home schooling, apparently without credentialed teachers, the editorial wants "reasonable regulations," citing as examples required lesson plans or a student portfolio of work. Those regulations might be acceptable to some of the learn-at-home parents, but the Internet will be full of angry letters from home schoolers saying all that bureaucratic regulation is what they wanted to escape by teaching their children at home. There has always been something decidedly elitist and anti-democratic in home schooling. It smacks of a belief that privileged children should not have to associate with the other kids in the neighborhood and that by staying home, they would not be subjected to the leavening effect of democracy. Moreover, it is apparent from the cries of the far right that there has been a specific policy in home schooling -- to teach only the ideas acceptable to ideologues who fear the contaminating influence of what is commonly known as a liberal education. Walter P. Coombs and Ralph E. Shaffer are professors emeriti at
Cal Poly Pomona.
Les croisés américains du Home Schooling "Ne soyez pas satisfait du statu quo.
Avocat du Home School Legal Defense Association
(HSLDA), une association de Virginie,
Son organisation est liée à l'église
évangélique
Education
Week présente cette croisade et ses difficultés.
U.S. Home Schoolers Push Movement Around the World Efforts lead to growth of home instruction in other countries. By Mary Ann Zehr , Warrenton, Va.
Education Week - Vol. 25, Issue 16, Page 8 - 01/04/06 From his cozy home office here, Christopher J. Klicka is dispensing
advice to two evangelical Christian ministers who also happen to be home-schooling
dads from Japan.
Mr. Klicka, 44, has long been fighting that battle stateside as a lawyer for the Home School Legal Defense Association in Purcellville, Va. Since its founding in 1983, the nonprofit organization run by evangelical Christians has defended families who want to home-school and has lobbied for laws to making home schooling legal and less regulated. For the past decade, though, Mr. Klicka has been a home-schooling missionary abroad as well. He has visited other countries to help parents set up organizations modeled after the U.S.-based one. According to the association’s Web site, www. hslda.org, he or some other of the group’s staff or 80,000 members have helped home schoolers in 24 countries. Mr. Klicka says that while in the past decade some countries—including South Africa and Taiwan—have legalized home schooling, many countries still don’t have explicit laws for home schooling, and some countries that have legalized the practice have burdensome regulations. The HSLDA advises home schoolers on how to be better advocates. For example, if the country permits private schooling, Mr. Klicka counsels them to argue that home schooling is a form of private schooling. *** Mr. Yoshii and Mr. Oyama estimate that some 300 Japanese families—about
a third of them Christian—teach their children at home, stemming, they
say, from the bullying and extreme competition in Japanese schools.
One of the biggest problems home-schooling parents face in Japan is ostracism by other Japanese, some Christians included, according to Mr. Oyama. He and his wife, Kathy, an American, began home-schooling their four children in California, where they lived for about a decade. A year ago, the family moved to Japan, Mr. Oyama’s homeland, where he is the pastor of a church of about 250 members. Hiroshi Kamiyo, the education counselor for the Embassy of Japan, in Washington, said that the Japanese government has no policy on home schooling, but that the constitution says parents have a duty to make sure their children are educated. The government prefers Japanese to send their children to public or private schools, he said, but won’t force them to do so. “So far, our government [education] policy is focused on other areas, like how to address absenteeism or dropouts, or violence and bullying,” he said. “These are more serious problems.” Although religion is a prime reason to home-school in the United States, that’s often not the case elsewhere, according to a special issue on home schooling that the British journal Evaluation and Research in Education published last year. Paula Rothermel, a researcher at the school of education at the University of Durham in England, found only about 4 percent of the 412 British home-schooling families she surveyed said religion was a motive for home schooling. Nearly 31 percent cited disappointment with regular schools. The special issue describes research on the modern home-schooling movement in Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Israel, South Africa, Sweden, and the United States. In the last five to 10 years, the number of home-schooling families has increased dramatically in North America and in Great Britain and other countries, writes David Galloway, the journal’s acting editor, in the special issue. Schooling in Secret The home-schooling movement in the United States—including the HSLDA—has
helped pave the way.
“Compulsory school attendance exists in Germany, and home schooling
is not allowed,” he writes. Mr. Spiegler estimates that about 500 children
are home-schooled in Germany “in secret, with tacit toleration by the local
authorities or with legal consequences, ranging from a fine to partial
loss of child custody, or even the possibility of a prison sentence.”
“We are in quite a cultural war here in Germany,” Mr. Guenther said
in an e-mail to Education Week last month. Our organization “has been very
busy in the courts representing families who only want to apply their constitutional
rights to educate their children at home, thus protecting them from the
liberal agenda being foisted upon them by the government schools.”
Mr. Klicka said that he and other American home-schooling parents can
relate to what the German families are going through, and that’s what motivates
them to want to help.
|
| LE
GUIDE-ANNUAIRE | Commande
| Commande
express sécurisée | Documentation|
Présentation
| SOMMAIRE
|
| Le
nouveau sirop-typhon : déplacements de populations ? chèque-éducation
? ou non-scolarisation ? |
| Pluralisme
scolaire et "éducation alternative" | Jaune
devant, marron derrière : du PQ pour le Q.I. |
| Le
lycée "expérimental" de Saint-Nazaire |
Le
collège-lycée "expérimental" de Caen-Hérouville|
| L'heure
de la... It's time for ... Re-creation | Freinet
dans (?) le système "éducatif" (?) |
| Changer
l'école | Des
écoles différentes ? Oui, mais ... pas trop !|
L'école
Vitruve |
| Colloque
Freinet à ... Londres | Des
écoles publiques "expérimentales" |
| 68
- 98 : les 30 P-l-eureuses | Et
l'horreur éducative ? |