L'APPEL pour des établissements scolaires innovants coopératifs.
Des écoles, collèges et des lycées différents
homeschooling aux États Unis : environ 80% des enfants suivent un programme ultra-religieux.
PLUS
DE PRISONNIERS AUX ÉTATS UNIS QU'EN CHINE
Plus d'un adulte sur 100 (2,3 millions de personnes)
derrière
les barreaux aux États-Unis.
Chine, (plus d'un milliard
d'habitants) : 1,5 million détenus, Russie 890.000.
Les États-Unis ont
le taux d'incarcération le plus élevé de la planète,
supérieur à des pays comme l'Iran ou l'Afrique du Sud.
AMERICAN
WAY OF LIFE
BRITISH
WAY OF LIFE
|
États-Unis
(Texas) :
Lourde peine pour une écolière amoureuse Pour avoir inscrit «Je t’aime Alex» sur les murs du gymnase d’une école publique du Katy Independent School District (dans la banlieue de Houston, Texas), une jeune fille de 12 ans a été envoyée pour 4 mois dans un établissement alternatif (*) accueillant des élèves "en difficulté". Selon les lois relatives à l’éducation au Texas, les graffitis à l’encre indélébile sont considérés comme un délit aussi grave que la possession de drogue ou la déclaration de menaces terroristes. Seuls le meurtre, la détention d’arme à feu ou encore le viol sont plus sévèrement punis. (Houston Chronicle, 7 juillet 2007)
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(*) NDLR - Aux USA, le terme "alternative" pour désigner une "école" n'a pratiquement plus aucun sens. S'il existe encore quelques rares "free alternative schools" nées dans les années 70 (sur le modèle de Summerhill), le terme (débarassé de "free" !) désigne de plus en plus : - soit des structures, publiques ou privées, vaguement "scolaires" pour "décrocheurs" (plus ou moins "décrochés" depuis longtemps...) - soit ce l'on désignait jadis, ici ou ailleurs, sous le terme de "maisons de correction", "camps de redressement"... - Aux USA, la WWASP (World Wide Association of Speciality) est patronnée par le professeur Skinner, le père de la psychologie comportementaliste. Writing on school wall gets Katy sixth-grader pulled Katy ISD says they followed state law in punishments for graffiti case By HELEN ERIKSEN - Houston
Chronicle - July 7, 2007
Katy Independent School District disciplinary alternative school placements:
The graffiti offense is a Level 4 infraction in the district's discipline plan, along with making terroristic threats, possessing dangerous drugs, and assaulting with bodily injury. Only a Level 5 — for murder, possessing firearms, committing aggravated or sexual assault, arson or other felonies — is more severe. Shelby's parents, Lisa and Stu Sendelbach, say they do not condone what their daughter did. Nevertheless, they are fighting to get her punishment reduced because they believe it is too harsh. The Sendelbachs said they expected a lesser punishment such as an in-school suspension and community service. Shelby is assigned to alternative school from Aug. 27 through Dec. 21. A district-level appeal hearing is scheduled later this month. "We are shocked that the school district rules as they are written make no distinction between what Shelby is accused of and what a gang member does with a can of black spray paint," Stu Sendelbach said. The 12-year-old Mayde Creek Junior High student said she regrets the May 21 incident for which school police cited her for criminal mischief and the making of graffiti. The graffiti offense is punishable as a felony because the marking was made in permanent ink. Removal mandated The Harris County district attorney's office declined to prosecute the case as a felony. But school district spokesman Steve Stanford said the district is following a state law that requires mandatory removal to a disciplinary alternative education school for such an offense. The district's discipline plan complies with the Texas Education Code. Under it, a district can remove a student who commits a crime that is punishable as a felony. An alternative school in Katy ISD is for students who have been suspended, expelled, committed crimes or who persistently misbehave. Sendelbach said his daughter, who suffers from attention deficit disorder, does not have a history of misbehavior. He said he was angered further when he saw the proliferation of graffiti in the bleacher area and accused the principal of "encouraging this activity by not removing these inscriptions." Another parent at the school, Patrick Prebo, agreed with Sendelbach, saying the punishment violates common sense. His 12-year-old daughter, Kaitlyn Inscore, was a participant in the graffiti incident and received the same punishment as Shelby. "I think the school gave students explicit permission to write in that area when they left the graffiti on the bleachers," he said. The school's principal, Rick Hull, declined to comment by phone on the graffiti. The district is gathering information on previous incidents related to graffiti at the school. Punishment defended Shelby said she admitted to writing the graffiti when she was questioned by school district officials and police. She signed a confession saying she wrote "I love Alex." She claimed another girl drew a heart around it. Stanford, who said he could not discuss the specifics of the case because of privacy laws, defended the punishment, saying the district had no choice. But Rep. Rob Eissler, R-The Woodlands, disagreed. Eissler co-authored House Bill 603 in 2005, which gives administrators more latitude to consider disciplinary history, intent, whether a student has a disability that would impair judgment or acted in self-defense in deciding punishment. "They have all the leeway they want," he said. "They didn't have to hammer this young lady the way they did. That's why I wrote HB 603 — to give school districts authority to back off the black-and-white justice." Stanford said he is confident the district is following the law. To critics such as Fred Hink, co-director of a parent advocacy group called Texas Zero Tolerance, incidents such as this are examples of rigid and absolute standards that school districts across the state use to impose excessive punishment for minor infractions. "Equating a child that writes a simple line on an obscure area is not the same as a kid who brought marijuana to school — but in the eyes of some districts, especially Katy ISD, these children are equal," Hink said.
Katy ISD rethinks girl's graffiti punishment Student who wrote on wall may not be facing alternative school By HELEN ERIKSEN - Houston
Chronicle - July 11, 2007, 1:41AM
The Katy Independent School District is reconsidering a decision to send a sixth-grader to alternative school for four months after she confessed to writing "I love Alex" on a school gymnasium wall with a baby blue Sharpie. Under a firestorm of criticism, the district is researching discipline options for Shelby Sendelbach, a 12-year-old Mayde Creek Junior High School pupil who was punished by the district with a Level 4 infraction after writing the message in permanent ink. The graffiti offense — on par with making terroristic threats, drug possession and assault — is punishable as a felony under the district's discipline plan. Only a Level 5 is more severe — for murder, possessing firearms, aggravated or sexual assault and arson. Meanwhile, the object of the girl's affection said Tuesday that he was flattered when he learned about the message, but his advice to Shelby is that she should not do it again. Alex Mendoza, an eighth-grader at the school, also said he was "really shocked" by all of the attention the incident has received. The 15-year-old, who called Shelby his girlfriend, met her in the cafeteria during the school year. Lisa and Stu Sendelbach said they were stunned by the severity of their daughter's penalty for the May 21 graffiti incident. They are pushing to get the punishment reduced because they don't think the district took into account her clean disciplinary record, lack of criminal intent and the fact that she has a learning disability. School board discussion Superintendent Alton Frailey, who began working in the district July 2, intends to discuss the case in a 5:30 p.m. closed-door school board session on July 18, said district spokesman Steve Stanford. "I am looking at what happened and what options we have per state law and local policy," Frailey said Tuesday. "It is always my practice to follow the law and policy while looking out for what is in the best interest of the individual student and the district as a whole." An open meeting of the board convenes at 6:30 p.m. July 18. Shelby hoped to try out for the school's volleyball team, but her parents said she would not be eligible if the punishment sticks. Stu Sendelbach talked to Frailey by phone Monday and said he was encouraged by the conversation. "He told me he will find out exactly what options they have legally and he hopes to be able to give us what we seek, which is little or no time in alternative school," Sendelbach said. Lawmakers disagree Sen. Dan Patrick, R-Houston, who sits on the Senate's Education Committee, says the district may not have applied a 2005 law that modified the state education code relating to school discipline. The law gives districts discretion in administering punishment. The district previously said the discipline plan requires removal for offenses punishable by felony and the district would have no choice in such a case. But under House Bill 603, a district can consider disciplinary history, intent, whether a student has a disability that would impair judgment or acted in self-defense before deciding to remove from school. "KISD is simply wrong to state that they are required by law to send this young lady to alternative school," Patrick said. Patrick also argues that under the original law, school districts already had discretion in the duration of the punishment. Stanford said the discipline code complies with the law. He said since
the district's discipline plan — as permitted but not required under state
law — specifies the duration for mandatory removal for Levels 4 and 5 infractions,
the district is required to follow it.
Texas Legislature Parents weigh in on zero tolerance State lawmakers look at revamping school discipline By HELEN ERIKSEN - Chronicle
Correspondent - Jan. 20, 2005
As Texas lawmakers ponder ways to revamp the law on student discipline both to ensure fairness and keep schools safe, parents are frustrated and worried about the pervasiveness of so-called "zero tolerance" discipline. Critics say this policy gives school districts the green light to impose strict, uniform penalties for misbehavior without considering extenuating circumstances such as the students' intent to do harm or prior disciplinary records. Fred Hink of Katy Zero Tolerance, a group dedicated to protecting parents' rights in the discipline process, said these practices not only lack common sense, they do not appropriately address issues such as disability considerations, due process and the long-range effects of placing children in alternative education programs. Parents report students being disciplined for engaging in conduct ranging from spitting, chewing gum and talking loud to carrying items that resemble prohibited items, aggravated assault, sexual assault or drug and alcohol-related offenses. Critics say heavy-handed zero-tolerance policies disproportionately affect those often less able to defend themselves. School officials insist that educators need the authority to take whatever disciplinary measures they deem necessary to regulate conduct and maintain a safe environment. Rep. Dora Olivo, D-Rosenberg, is leading efforts to reform the state's discipline policy, hosting a summit on student disciplinary action at the state Capitol from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Jan. 28. "This summit is an opportunity for parents to voice their concerns and work with us to ensure that their children and all children receive the quality education they deserve," Olivo said. "The way the current system is set up, we are not helping kids. We are simply punishing them." Several bills being introduced this legislative session would alter the Texas Education Code by strengthening laws on the books, while a handful of others would give administrators more latitude when leveling punishment. State Sen. Jon Lindsay, R-Houston, said he has reintroduced a bill that passed in the Senate but failed in the House in 2003 to remove zero-tolerance policies from state law. The bill states students must be shown to knowingly and willingly commit an offense before they can be punished. Rep. Kent Grusendorf, R-Arlington, has submitted draft legislation that would crack down on student truancy, allowing school districts to charge students and parents with violating truancy laws if the child misses one day of school as opposed to the current 10 days. Students could face punishment in juvenile court including fines and community service. This initiative is receiving a lot of support from justices of the peace throughout the state, said Luke Price, legislative aide to Grusendorf. Impact on minorities Judith Browne, a nationally recognized expert on zero-tolerance policies, said thousands of school districts across the country have embraced ineffective policies. At the summit, she will address the impact of zero tolerance on minority children, whom she will argue are disproportionately targeted. Kurt Lane's faith in the Alvin Independent School District crumbled last year when his 15-year-old twin sons, who had no prior history of discipline problems, received citations for Class C misdemeanors in unrelated incidents on the same day, one for using profanity and the other for engaging in horseplay with a classmate. Alvin school district spokeswoman Shirley Brothers said the district follows the zero-tolerance law when cracking down on drug or weapons possession and violent behavior, both of which result in mandatory expulsion. On Tuesday, a sixth-grade student at Alvin's Passmore Elementary School accidentally fired a .22-caliber automatic pistol he had in his pocket, grazing his leg. Authorities said the student could face charges. "After Columbine, we don't tolerate anything like that," Brothers said, referring to shootings at the Colorado high school nearly six years ago. The offenses by Keith and Kris Lane were considered Level 1 discipline infractions and they could have faced any one or a combination of consequences ranging from a warning/conference to a Class C misdemeanor. One district altered policy In another case, Derek Hoggett said he was heartbroken last March when his 13-year-old daughter Gabrielle was suspended in Katy Independent School District and sent to an alternative school for bringing a butter knife to school. He said Gabrielle needed to cut an apple to eat it because of her braces. "It was only after the case attracted media attention that Gabby was allowed to return to McMeans Junior High," he said. The knife measured between 2 1/2 and 5 1/2 inches, which violated the school's policy of possessing a prohibited item. "She was given the harshest punishment for a first offense even though school officials admitted in a letter they sent me that she was a student with exemplary behavior and high academic standing," Hoggett said. After several high-profile cases that erupted last year in the Katy ISD, trustees modified the discipline policy to make allowances for students who unintentionally bring to school prohibited items, which are not illegal items. These students will not be punished if they turn in the item to a responsible adult as soon as they discover it. For the first seven months of the last school year, the Katy school district investigated 2,149 criminal incidents, issued 779 citations and made 108 arrests. This year, according to district spokesman Steve Stanford, Katy district police have issued citations or arrested students in 495 cases, 262 of which were classified as disorderly conduct, disruption or assault and resulted in punishment. Meanwhile, parents whose children have been placed in disciplinary alternative education programs say they put students at risk for future failure and the education in such programs is substandard to their regular schools. Olivo and Browne also believe there are serious flaws in the quality of some alternative education programs. "All children in these programs deserve quality instruction and we
should not punish students academically for misbehavior," Olivo said.
"The warehousing of these students without adequate or appropriate instruction
or resources is simply unacceptable."
LE CAUCHEMAR AMERICAIN Il n'y a pas que les cigarettes qui sont prohibées aux Etats-Unis : les pipes aussi ! Ah, le rêve américain ..., soupire mémé Georgette.
Quel cauchemar, parfois !
Gudule - SINE HEBDO n° 56 - mercredi 30 septembre
2009
|
|
Présentation
| SOMMAIRE
|
| Le
nouveau sirop-typhon : déplacements de populations ? Chèque-éducation
? ou non-scolarisation ? |
| Pluralisme
scolaire et "éducation alternative" | Jaune
devant, marron derrière : du PQ pour le Q.I. |
| Le
lycée "expérimental" de Saint-Nazaire |
Le
collège-lycée "expérimental" de Caen-Hérouville
|
| L'heure
de la... It's time for ... Re-creation | Freinet
dans (?) le système "éducatif" (?) |
| Changer
l'école | Des
écoles différentes ? Oui, mais ... pas trop !
| L'école
Vitruve |
| Colloque
Freinet à ... Londres | Des
écoles publiques "expérimentales" |
| 68
- 98 : les 30 P-l-eureuses | Et
l'horreur éducative ? |
| Appel
pour des éts innovants et coopératifs |