LES "MODÈLES"
ANGLO-SAXONS :
(libertés, justice,
santé, système scolaire, éducatif, marché de
l'éducation, homeschooling...aux USA et en Angleterre)
AMERICAN
WAY OF LIFE
BRITISH
WAY OF LIFE
BRITISH
WAY OF LIFE
Le "modèle"
anglo-saxon, libéral ... et blairo-socialiste...
Beuark.
AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE... |
Grande-Bretagne
:
Divisions ethniques dans les écoles britanniques Des chiffres publiés par le ministre britannique de l’Education mettent en exergue le manque de mixité ethnique des écoles britanniques. Les écoles britanniques ressemblent de plus en plus aux écoles américaines où la ségrégation raciale est de mise, estime The Observer après avoir analysé les chiffres publiés par le ministère de l’Education britannique. Dans nombre de villes, plus particulièrement celles, défavorisées, du nord de l’Angleterre, certaines écoles comptent une très grande majorité d’élèves blancs tandis que d’autres, situées à quelques rues, sont constituées à 90% d’élèves asiatiques ou noirs. A titre d’exemple, parmi les 28 écoles secondaires de Bradford, dans le Yorkshire, ville qui fut le théâtre d’affrontements ethniques en 2001, dix écoles recensent plus de 90% d’élèves d’une même communauté. Blackburn dans le Lancashire est, selon le ministère de l’éducation, l’une des municipalités les plus "divisées" du Royaume-Uni. Quatre écoles secondaires sur neuf attirent en effet plus de 90% des enfants d’une même communauté. Afin d’inscrire leurs enfants dans des écoles à majorité blanche, plusieurs parents d’élèves n’hésiteraient pas à déménager, explique The Observer. Le ministre de l’Education, Alan Johnson, a l’intention de mettre en
place un plan destiné à favoriser la mixité ethnique.
Revealed: UK schools dividing on race lines Nicholas Watt, political editor - Sunday May 27, 2007
- The
Observer
A remarkable picture of how Britain is 'sleepwalking' towards US-style segregation of schools along racial lines is highlighted today by government figures that reveal many towns are developing schools that are overwhelmingly white, Asian or black. A majority of pupils in many areas of the country - particularly in deprived former mill towns in the north of England - have little contact with children from different ethnic backgrounds, even though they live in close proximity. The figures are bound to raise fresh concerns about the phenomenon of 'white flight', where some families move area to remove their children from schools where there is an intake is predominantly Asian children. The split in communities can also lead to increased racial tensions. According to the Department for Education and Skills, Blackburn with Darwen council, recently the subject of a BBC Panorama documentary on the parallel lives led by different communities, is one of the most divided boroughs. Four secondary schools out of nine there attract more than 90 per cent of their pupils from just one community. The Tories last night outlined a dramatic plan to reverse the segregation - setting targets to ensure white and Asian pupils are educated together at any academies set up in northern towns such as Blackburn. David Willetts, the shadow education secretary, told The Observer: 'There are towns which have been divided into two where social, ethnic and religious divisions are all aligned and create enormous tensions. Schools in these towns are becoming more and more segregated. One way to tackle them is, if you're creating an academy, you set a target that it should take its students from both communities.' His remarks came after new government figures illustrate the recent warning by Jack Straw, the Commons leader and MP for Blackburn, that people are 'breathing the same air but walking past each other'. In Straw's borough, there are three overwhelmingly white schools - Darwen Vale High (95.5 per cent white), Darwen Moorland High (91.6 per cent white) and St Bede's Roman Catholic High (96.3 per cent white). The segregation is matched on the other side of the racial divide. At Beardwood High, 94.5 per cent of pupils are Asian. Just 2.5 per cent of the school's pupils are white. Only one school in the borough reflects the ethnic breakdown of a community whose population is 70.5 per cent white and 26.5 per cent Asian. Of the pupils who go to Witton Park High, 71.7 per cent are white and 26.6 per cent are Asian. The position in Bradford, scene of race riots in 2001, is not much better. Of 28 secondary schools, 10 have 90 per cent or more pupils from one community. Bradford's population is 62.8 per cent white and 32.7 per cent Asian. At Ilkley Grammar School, 93.8 per cent of pupils are white, with just 2.3 per cent from the city's Asian community. Of the pupils attending Belle Vue Boys' School, 95.6 per cent are Asian and just 1.2 per cent are white. Stephen Byers, a former schools minister, told The Observer: 'These figures show that in parts of the country we are sleepwalking towards the segregation of schools on racial grounds. With no public debate, we are enshrining division and discrimination at an early age. Separate communities are growing up alongside each other with little or any common point of reference. 'As a result people, living in neighbouring communities could for all intents and purposes be on a different planet from each other. If we want to see the development of an inclusive and healthy society, this is an issue that needs to be addressed and not simply ignored.' Experts say there are many reasons why pupils tend to flock to schools dominated by their own community. Faith schools, for instance, are unlikely to attract many pupils from across the ethnic divide. Ted Cantle, who wrote the landmark 'parallel lives' report following the 2001 riots in Burnley, Oldham and Bradford, told The Observer: 'There is some evidence that once a school starts to divide it does reach a tipping point where one side or the other feels this school is no longer for them.' Simon Burgess, professor of economics at Bristol University, said: 'If you compare segregation in schools with the ethnic segregation in the neighbourhoods around that school then the segregation in schools is higher than that in the surrounding neighbourhoods.' London - and to a lesser extent Birmingham - presents a more positive picture. Tim Brighouse, the capital's schools 'tsar', said: 'London has always been a place where waves of people have gone to over the years.' Alan Johnson, the Education Secretary, said the government was tackling the problem. 'This is exactly why we are bringing in a new duty to promote community cohesion. Faith schools and also non-faith schools will have to undertake action to enhance community cohesion. This can involve twinning and sharing teachers so that this kind of problem can be tackled.'
Let schools choose pupils by race, say Tories Schools should be able to select pupils by race to combat fears that inner city classrooms are becoming blighted by segregation, according to the Conservatives. David Willetts: 'We don't want to bus children around' In a move designed to stop children drifting toward extremism, the Tories say that new city academies should ensure schools are not monopolised by large numbers of white or black pupils. The calls follow the publication of official figures showing that schools in some of the most ethnically mixed towns and cities in England are now divided along racial lines. In Blackburn, more than a fifth of the population is Asian but many children get little opportunity to mix with white pupils. Four of nine secondary schools in the area attract more than 90 per cent of students from a single ethnic background, figures show. In Bradford, the scene of race riots in 2001, almost all pupils at 10 out of 28 secondary schools are from the same racial group. Last month, the Commission for Racial Equality warned that Britain's segregated schools were "a time bomb waiting to explode". David Willetts, the shadow education secretary, said yesterday that under a Conservative government, schools in mixed areas would be allowed to select 50 per cent of pupils from white and half from black or Asian families. "It is a free country, so no one can be forced to apply for a school and we don't want to bus children around. But we do see potential for a positive role in tackling the growing ethnic segregation in our schools," he said Jack Straw, the Commons leader and Blackburn MP, has warned that existing policies on race relations are ineffective, as people from different ethnic groups in his Lancashire constituency are "breathing the same air but walking past each other". New figures show that in Mr Straw's borough, three schools are overwhelmingly white, including two that have fewer than five per cent of children from Asian families. At one school, Beardwood High, 94.5 per cent of pupils are Asian. In Bradford, almost a third of the population is Asian but at Ilkley Grammar School, 94 per cent of pupils are white, while at Belle Vue Boys' School, 96 per cent are Asian. Ministers have already said that schools with large numbers of white or Asian pupils may be taken over or closed if they fail to promote race relations and links between different religious groups. They suggest that schools in rural areas or suburbs should be twinned with ethnically mixed schools in cities as part of a new legal duty to promote "community cohesion". Alan Johnson, the education secretary, has also promoted the teaching of common British values as part of a shake-up of the curriculum. But critics fear that these reforms do not go far enough. Stephen Byers, the former Labour schools minister, said yesterday: "We are enshrining division at an early age. Communities are growing up alongside each other with no common point of reference." Sir Cyril Taylor, chairman of the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust, suggested that schools with large numbers of white or Pakistani and Bangladeshi families should be shut and replaced by a single "multi-faith" academy that would split pupils for religious education but have mixed lessons in other subjects. But Mr Johnson insisted yesterday that the Government was tackling the problem. "Faith schools and also non-faith schools will have to undertake action
to enhance community cohesion," he said. "This can involve twinning and
sharing teachers so that this kind of problem can be tackled." have your
say
Tories may allow schools to select by race Some schools would be allowed to select pupils by race under plans being drawn up by the Conservatives. David Willetts wants popular academies to choose pupils by 'banding' David Willetts, the shadow education secretary, has told colleagues he wants to enable the most popular city academies to choose pupils not by ability but by a range of other criteria. The most controversial of those would allow schools in ethnically diverse areas to take 50 per cent of pupils from the black community and 50 per cent from the white. The race quota would be welcomed by inner-city schools eager to improve integration. But it would be bound to infuriate traditional Tories still reeling from David Cameron's decision to rule out building more grammar schools. Instead, the Tory leader pledged a vast expansion in Tony Blair's city academies programme. One problem raised by Tory opponents of the scheme is the question of how a Conservative government would handle the desire of parents to send their children to the most successful academies. Mr Willetts is looking at selection by "banding", the controversial system by which pupils are tested and placed in ability bands. Schools are then given set numbers for each band. One senior Tory source explained: "We are aware that some city academies would be more popular than others. That's why David [Willetts] made clear in his speech how it would be possible for the best ones to expand or even to set up additional academies themselves. "The existing banding system would work. But there would also be city academies that chose pupils on the basis of faith. And you could have academies where there was selection by ethnicity." Today, a senior member of the shadow cabinet rumoured to have concerns on schools policy breaks his silence to back Mr Cameron. In an article in this newspaper, Liam Fox, the shadow defence secretary, says: "Grammars represent only a tiny number of our schools. We need to try to replicate their successful recipe in under-performing schools." |
|
Présentation
| SOMMAIRE
|
| Le
nouveau sirop-typhon : déplacements de populations ? chèque-éducation
? ou non-scolarisation ? |
| Pluralisme
scolaire et "éducation alternative" | Jaune
devant, marron derrière : du PQ pour le Q.I. |
| Le
lycée "expérimental" de Saint-Nazaire |
Le
collège-lycée "expérimental" de Caen-Hérouville|
| L'heure
de la... It's time for ... Re-creation | Freinet
dans (?) le système "éducatif" (?) |
| Changer
l'école | Des
écoles différentes ? Oui, mais ... pas trop !|
L'école
Vitruve |
| Colloque
Freinet à ... Londres | Des
écoles publiques "expérimentales" |
| 68
- 98 : les 30 P-l-eureuses | Et
l'horreur éducative ? |